Agnes Macphail Biography

Agnes Macphail Biography About Agnes Macphail: Agnes Macphail was the first Canadian woman to be a member of parliament, and one of the first two women elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Considered a feminist in her time, Agnes Macphail supported issues like prison reform, disarmament, international cooperation and old age pensions. Agnes Macphail also founded the Elizabeth Fry Society of Canada, a group working with and for women in the justice system. Birth: March 24, 1890 in Proton Township, Grey County, Ontario Death: February 13, 1954 in Toronto, Ontario Education: Teachers college - Stratford, Ontario Profession: Teacher and columnist Political Parties: Progressive PartyCo-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) Federal Ridings (Electoral Districts): Grey South EastGrey Bruce Provincial Riding (Electoral District): York East Political Career of Agnes Macphail: Agnes Macphail was elected to the House of Commons in 1921, in the first Canadian federal election in which women had the vote or could run for office. Agnes Macphail was the first woman to be elected to the House of Commons.Agnes Macphail was the first woman appointed as a member of a Canadian delegation to the League of Nations, where she was an active member of the World Disarmament Committee.Agnes Macphail became the first president of the Ontario CCF when it was established in 1932.Agnes Macphail was a major influence in the establishment of the Archambault Commission on prison reform in 1935.She was defeated in the 1940 general election.Agnes Macphail wrote a column on agriculture issues for the Globe and Mail.She was first elected to the Ontario Legislative Assembly in 1943, becoming one of the two first women to be elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.She was defeated in the Ontario election in 1945.Agnes Macphail was re-elected to the Ontario Legislative Assembly i n 1948. Agnes Macphail contributed to the adoption of Ontarios first equal pay legislation in 1951.

Free Essays on Prostitution

â€Å"There are women who search for love, and there are those that search for money.† Today, the term woman simply denotes one’s sex. It does not define her character, morals and values, or even her profession. However, this was not always the case. At the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century, during the Progressive Era, there was a drive for reform. Various social problems became targets for investigation and intervention: child labour, juvenile delinquency, corruption in city government and police departments, and prostitution. These things were newly discovered social problems; the only differences during this period were the new assumptions, strategies, and expectations of a broad organization of activists. Progressive reform actively decided to take more of a role in regulating the social welfare of its citizens, and those private and public spheres of activity could not be disentangled. Prostitution was an issue that underscored th e relationship between home life and street life, wages of ‘sin’ and low wages of women workers, double sexual standards and transmission of venereal disease. The late nineteenth century response to prostitution revealed the competing ideologies within Progressive reform activity over social justice and social control. â€Å"Most attempts to ‘deal with’ prostitution have consisted almost exclusively of more or less vigorous attempts to suppress it altogether – by forcing the closing of brothels, and by increased police activities against individual prostitutes and against those individual places, such as taverns, where prostitutes frequently solicit.† This paper seeks to prove that the reformers were unable to stamp out prostitution during the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century for a variety of factors. First, I will look at why women in the late nineteenth, and early twentieth century became prostitutes. The gender differen... Free Essays on Prostitution Free Essays on Prostitution Prostitution Should be Illegal Prostitution should be cleaned off our streets. It first started in the early 1800’s. Prostitution is defined as providing sexual service, for the return of money. Exchange of money for sexual service. Heterosexual prostitution is the most common. Homosexual, gays and lesbians exists on smaller scales. Prostitution is a hazardous business. People selling themselves are at high risk. The women more then men. Both men and women are at risk in getting disease that has no cure. Prostitution all together should be stopped and put an end to. Prostitution takes place in many different places. Massage parlors, call-girl and call-men (also know as escort services), street prostitution, strip clubs, etc. It was believed that the most population in 1800’s was migrants. These migrants were mostly single men, husbands who left tem who left temporarily left their wives and children at home. Massage parlors were located close to railway stations. Prostitution increased during world war one when hardly and employment during world war one when hardly any employment for women was offered and it decreased during world war two for grater economic opportunities for lower-class women in war related industrials. 50% of the women in Toronto work for themselves. Street prostitution is the most visible form of prostitution that receives the most attention. Prostitutions needed the money not only to support themselves but to support but to support there family’s. Men and women take dangerous risks at night and in warm weather. Any â€Å"mental case† could take advantage of them and kill them where no one would be available to help you at the time and place where this could happen. Women are at higher risks then men. Physical assault, sexual assault, theft, sexually transmitted disease and murder are just few health risks prostitutes take on a daily basis when going out to these places with clients. Their ... Free Essays on Prostitution By James Bunch Prostitution: Should it be legal? Prostitution is said to be one of the world’s oldest profession, however, almost all the states in the U.S has it to be illegal. Nevada is the first state in the United States to legalize prostitution. Although the long-term effect of prostitution being legal is uncertain, the short-term effects have been economically beneficial to Nevada. Prostitution should be legalized because it financially benefits the country and it could also reduce crime. There are many reasons why prostitution is illegal in 49 U.S. states today. First of all, many people think that prostitution should stay illegal because it is immoral. Parents do not want their child to grow up thinking that prostitution is a normal way of living. Christianity also looks down upon prostitution because their belief says that sex is only to be done when a man and a woman are married. Another reason why the protection of morality is so important is that people's morals form the future of our nation. Many people feel that if prostitution is legalized, then its long term effects would be detrimental to the United States. The divorce rate in the United States is all ready really high. By the legalization of prostitution, this would allow room for husbands and wives to commit adultery. Second, prostitution is a great health risk to the U.S. because of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. A major concern about STD’s is the spread of AIDS, because a cure has n ot yet been found for the disease. The transmission of STD’s is already on the rise due to uneducated teenagers having unprotected sex. In addition, most of theses teens are not going to a physician to be screened for them. Because of this, many curable STD’s are going untreated and being spread throughout a community. Prostitution only adds to this problem because prostitutes have sexual contact on a daily basis, and rarely have themselves screened for STD’s.... Free Essays on Prostitution â€Å"There are women who search for love, and there are those that search for money.† Today, the term woman simply denotes one’s sex. It does not define her character, morals and values, or even her profession. However, this was not always the case. At the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century, during the Progressive Era, there was a drive for reform. Various social problems became targets for investigation and intervention: child labour, juvenile delinquency, corruption in city government and police departments, and prostitution. These things were newly discovered social problems; the only differences during this period were the new assumptions, strategies, and expectations of a broad organization of activists. Progressive reform actively decided to take more of a role in regulating the social welfare of its citizens, and those private and public spheres of activity could not be disentangled. Prostitution was an issue that underscored th e relationship between home life and street life, wages of ‘sin’ and low wages of women workers, double sexual standards and transmission of venereal disease. The late nineteenth century response to prostitution revealed the competing ideologies within Progressive reform activity over social justice and social control. â€Å"Most attempts to ‘deal with’ prostitution have consisted almost exclusively of more or less vigorous attempts to suppress it altogether – by forcing the closing of brothels, and by increased police activities against individual prostitutes and against those individual places, such as taverns, where prostitutes frequently solicit.† This paper seeks to prove that the reformers were unable to stamp out prostitution during the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century for a variety of factors. First, I will look at why women in the late nineteenth, and early twentieth century became prostitutes. The gender differen... Free Essays on Prostitution Prostitution is simply an issue of individual liberty. The controls of a person’s own body is the most basic of human rights. Governments should not have the power to impose legal penalties upon the men and women who choose to be promiscuous. Government regulation causes an act of lawful and consensual sexual intercourse to be illegal when the exchange of money occurs. Granted that prostitution has been present in societies across the world for thousands of years, governments should recognize that prostitution cannot be eradicated. Most prostitutes that work in legalized brothels in Nevada and other cities such as Amsterdam(Netherlands) and Victoria(Austrailia) have said that they receive money for sexual gratification (www.realwomenca.com). Andrew Wyllie believes that those against legalized prostitution are hypocrites. He said in his debate article,† For some reason, one of the oldest professions on the planet is considered one of its least moral. Get off your high horse. You all like sex, and you know it. I’m sure you wouldn’t mind getting paid for it either.† Consequently, national governments should pass legislation that makes prostitution safer, rather than persist with futile and dangerous prohibition. Prostitutes have performed a valid social function for thousands of years. Prostitution has actually helped maintain marriages and relationships. Instead of a relationship, a purely physical transaction occurs in prostitution, a commercial exchange that does not jeopardize the emotional stability of a relationship. In Italy, for example, a visit to a prostitute does not violate the law against adultery. Many libertarian feminists consider that prostitution reflects the independence and dominance of modern women. The majority of prostitutes are women. Once the dangers of abuse from male clients and pimps are removed, the capacity of women to control the sexual response of men in a financially beneficial relationship is ... Free Essays on Prostitution Prostitution is Here; Whether You Like it or Not Suppose you are a male between the ages of 18 and 22. Your girlfriend of two years has broken up with you a few weeks ago because she was involved with another man. You have no idea what to do about the situation you are now in. You had spent practically every conscious and unconscious moment for the past 730 days with her, and now you feel betrayed because she had been cheating on you, for God knows how long. It is Friday night, a few weeks later, and this was the first time that your friends could get you out of that filthy apartment you live in. So you go out with your boys, get drunk, and talk to a few girls. Later on in the night, one of your friends, Brian, suggests getting you a couple of prostitutes to get your mind off your girlfriend. You think to yourself, what is he talking about? Prostitutes are illegal, and even if you wanted one, you would never be able to find one in Bloomsburg. Just because prostitutes are illegal and seemingly to be unheard of in rural areas like Bloomsburg, does not mean they do not exist. Prostitution has, is, and will exist- illegal or not. Everyday, women of this profession are physically beaten or mentally crushed by their pimps or clients. Sunday through Saturday, these women are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS, because they are either ashamed to go to clinics, or do not have sufficient funds to get the help they truly need. This is why prostitution should be decriminalized, everywhere. By doing this, we can keep a closer eye on this line of work; women will be less intimidated by medical doctors, less likely to stay with pimps who abuse them, and possibly a better chance at getting out of the business with enough money to start their lives over. According to the Los Angeles Times, a federal judge has denied a request to legalize prostitution in Florida, saying prostitution would have much more harmful e... Free Essays on Prostitution Prostitution is the performance of sexual acts solely for the purpose of material gain. Persons prostitute themselves when they grant sexual favors to others in exchange for money, gifts, or other payment. In legal terms, the word prostitute refers only to those who engage overtly in such sexual-economic transactions, usually for a specified sum of money. Prostitutes may be of either sex, but throughout history the majority have been women. Prostitution is said to date back as far as we can remember. In ancient Rome Street prostitutes offered services to patrons of the theater, races and gladiator contests. When contests were over, prostitutes would take the patrons to arches beneath the public buildings known as the cellae fornicae. This is where the word fornication came from, meaning sex between unmarried individuals. Through the years, prostitution remained as a means of employment for poor women. Selling sexual favors was their main hope for survival. In the beginning of the 20th century, prostitution was done in houses which many called â€Å"hoar houses†. The prostitutes lived in these homes and performed their acts their. Small red lights were used to show the houses were open and they became known as red light districts. These houses are still around in Nevada and parts of Europe. There are five different types of prostitutes. Starting from the lowest standard to the highest The first type is a street walker- this is a prostitute who sells themselves on the street. Streetwalkers usually walk through the night and but when walking through the day they usually stay in front of x-rated movie houses. After getting a customer the prostitute usually goes back to her apartment or a cheap hotel. Other places where streetwalkers sell themselves are rest areas on highways. The second type are bar prostitutes. There is usually an arrangement between the bar owner and the prostitute. The owner does this beca...

Gun safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gun safety - Essay Example Top scoring shooters who are likewise nationals of the USA can work their path to the top, and on the off chance that they meet the prerequisites of International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Shooting Sports Foundation (ISSF), and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), they could be selected for the US Shooting Team (USST). There are two essential sorts of compressed air firearm ammo; pellets and Bbs. Pellets weigh significantly short of what gun shots, which make the striking vitality considerably less. They are formed from delicate lead and most are hour-glass molded which provides for them expanded soundness in flight. They are intended for each compressed air firearm and arrive in a mixture of head shapes. Pellets may be shot in either smoothbore or rifled barrels, not at all like Bbs which ought to be discharged just through smoothbore barrels. Pellet quality is second in imperativeness just to the general nature of the compressed air firearm itself. In rivalry, the .177 gauge is viewed as standard. This is accurate in different sorts of rivalry, from the BB firearm through the Olympic-evaluation air rifles and guns. There are four fundamental sorts of pellets: woodcutter, utilized for paper target rivalry; pointed, intended for field use, generating more dynamic vitality for entrance; empty point, utilized for shape rivalry and field utilize; and round nose, acknowledged for any use requiring thump down force. The round BB is the most well known compressed air firearm ammo and is created out of either steel or lead. Firearm safety is essential for any holder or client of a BB weapon or pellet firearm. Adolescent shooters must be managed by an educated grown-up at whatever point utilizing the weapon. Grown-ups and kids ought to deliberately read and see all guidelines that accompany their compressed air firearm, and comprehend the correct safe

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Final paper - Essay Example There are some claims from the essay which I do not agree with because they are misleading. The claim about uniting Muslim and Christian can be fruitful is not true. The two religions have been different in the past and can not interact. Muslim sees Christians as enemies while Christians sees Muslims as they do not know the truth as they regard Jesus a prophet (Paul II, 2003). The Christians-Muslim dialogue is carried out in different perspectives. The dialogue focuses on uniting the two religions and makes the believers to live together in harmony. The dialogue is aimed in doing away with the difference and encouraging the Muslims and Christians to live in peace, love and respect. The dialogue focuses on the practice, believes and faith of the two religions (Paul II, 2003). From the class I learned about the Muslim and Christians. I have learned about the religious practices of Muslims and Christians and the difference and similarities between the two. From the class I have learned the two religions had differences in the past as it is today. It is difficult to solve the difference and fights between Muslims and

DISAPPEARANCE OF THE ANASAZI Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

DISAPPEARANCE OF THE ANASAZI - Research Paper Example History portrays that they were generally quite peaceful people who survived through trade and farming. Even so, the Anasazi later disappeared, causing many varied academic postulations. Various theories, such as climate change theories, religious theories, and cannibalism theory suggest different reasons for their disappearance. Climate change theories postulate that climatic changes led to the area receiving unreliable rainfall causing the community to leave. Drought theory postulates that the 1276-199. On the other hand, religious theories point out that certain religious practices must have been responsible for the disappearance of the Anasazi. Cannibalism theory asserts possible existence of a cannibal group is likely to have contributed to the disappearance of the Anasazi. All theories contribute to the understanding of the Anasazi. Disappearance of the Anasazi For a long time, major aspects of southwestern archaeology have continued to perplex many people. Despite the fact tha t there have been various theories that have substantially attempted to unravel the mystery behind the disappearance of the Anasazi, one may observe that even the most acceptable explanations remain largely postulations. Of course any reasonable person would ask why a community of people who live so peacefully could just abandon their civilizations and head into the unknown. Certainly there could be more than archaeology and other historical reconstruction methods may offer towards the explanation of the disappearance of the Anasazi (Catherine and Duff 2008). Even so, one may observe that quite substantial information about the Anasazi have been unraveled, thanks to historians. It appears that an understanding of the theories of disappearance of the Anasazi people cannot be sufficiently told without making efforts to understand the efforts their way of life. Understanding the way of life of the Anasazi will help in understanding how their society perceived life in its various dimens ions. Doing so enables one to assess and critique various theories that attempt to explain the disappearance of the Anasazi. This is because it could be that probably more than one theory can sufficiently and convincingly explain the disappearance of the Anasazi people. For the purposes of this paper, this paper shall briefly visit bring into light the organization of the Anasazi before proceeding to analyze the theories that make an effort to explain the disappearance of the Anasazi people (Peter 2004). Background History of the Anasazi Historical records have indicated that the Anasazi people had inhabited the vast plateaus of the American Southwest. They had adapted to the harsh climate and thrived in the sun-scorched mesas and cliffs. They occupied what one may observe as the current ruins of Mesa Verde, Chaco Canyon, and Canyon de Chelly. The remains still reveal a powerful evidence of a civilization that one may refer to as advanced given its time in history. It is intriguing to observe that much as the Anasazi do not any association with the Navajo people although the word Anasazi is a Navajo word. In fact the Navajo people just refer to them in what translates as â€Å"those before us† or in other translations as â€Å"ancient strangers.† This implies a missing link with other civilizations. They are likely not to have interacted with other civilizations; no wonder there has been no archaeological evidence of any weapons (Peter 2004). Assessment of the emergence of the Anasazi is found in the old legends. Although one must note well in advance that the origins of the Anasazi remain a mystery almost just as much as their disappearance. Even so, it is still vital to highlight that constructed legends have it that the original Anasazi had come out of the lower world

The Iron Man Of India: Vallabhbhai Patel

The Iron Man Of India: Vallabhbhai Patel As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief for refugees in Punjab and Delhi, and led efforts to restore peace across the nation. Patel took charge of the task to forge a united India from the British colonial provincesallocated to India and more than five hundred self-governing princely states, released from British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act 1947. Using frank diplomacy, backed with the option and use of military force, Patels leadership persuaded almost every princely state which did not have a Muslim majority to accede to India. Hailed as the Iron Man of India, he is also remembered as the Patron Saint of Indias civil servants for establishing modern all-India services. Patel was also one of the earliest proponents of property rights and free enterprise in India. Patel traveled to attend schools in Nadiad, Petlad and Borsad, living self-sufficiently with other boys. He reputedly cultivated a stoic character-a popular anecdote recounts how he lanced his own painful boil without hesitation, even as the barber supposed to do it trembled. Patel passed his matriculation at the late age of 22; at this point, he was generally regarded by his elders as an unambitious man destined for a commonplace job. Patel himself harboured a plan-he would study to become a lawyer, work and save funds, travel to England and study to become a barrister. Patel spent years away from his family, studying on his own with books borrowed from other lawyers and passed examinations within two years. Fetching Jhaverba from her parents home, Patel set up his household in Godhra and was called to the bar. During the many years it took him to save money, Patel now an advocate earned a reputation as a fierce and skilled lawyer. His wife bore him a daughter, Manibehn, in 1904, and a son, Dahyabhai, in 1906. Patel also cared for a friend suffering from Bubonic plague when it swept across Gujarat. When Patel himself came down with the disease, he immediately sent his family to safety, left his home and moved into an isolated house in Nadiad (by other accounts, Patel spent this time in a dilapidated temple); there, he recovered slowly. In 1909, Patels wife Jhaverba was hospitalised in Bombay to undergo a major surgical operation for cancer. Her health suddenly worsened and despite successful emergency surgery, she died in the hospital. Patel was given a note informing him of his wifes demise as he was cross-examining a witness in court. According to others who witnessed, Patel read the note, pocketed it and continued to intensely cross-examine the witness and won the case. He broke the news to others only after the proceedings had ended. Patel himself decided against marrying again. He raised his children with the help of his family and sent them to English-medium schools in Mumbai. At the age of 36, he journeyed to England and enrolled at the Middle Temple Inn in London. Finishing a 36-month course in 30 months, Patel topped his class despite having no previous college background. Returning to India, Patel settled in the city of Ahmedabad and became one of the citys most successful barristers. Wearing European-sty le clothes and urbane mannerisms, he also became a skilled bridge player. Patel nurtured ambitions to expand his practise and accumulate great wealth and to provide his children with modern education. He had also made a pact with his brother Vithalbhai to support his entry into politics in the Bombay Presidency, while Patel himself would remain in Ahmedabad and provide for the family. He was a vegetarian. Fighting for independence At the urging of his friends, Patel won an election to become the sanitation commissioner of Ahmedabad in 1917. While often clashing with British officials on civic issues, he did not show any interest in politics. Upon hearing of Mohandas Gandhi, he joked to Mavlankar that Gandhi would ask you if you know how to sift pebbles from wheat. And that is supposed to bring independence. But Patel was deeply impressed when Gandhi defied the British in Champaran for the sake of the areas oppressed farmers. Against the grain of Indian politicians of the time, Gandhi wore Indian-style clothes and emphasised the use of ones mother tongue or any Indian language as opposed to English-the lingua franca of Indias intellectuals. Patel was particularly attracted to Gandhis inclination to action-apart from a resolution condemning the arrest of political leader Annie Besant, Gandhi proposed that volunteers march peacefully demanding to meet her. Patel gave a speech in Borsad in September 1917, encouraging Indians nationwide to sign Gandhis petition demanding Swaraj-independence-from the British. Meeting Gandhi a month later at the Gujarat Political Conference in Godhra, Patel became the secretary of the Gujarat Sabha-a public body which would become the Gujarati arm of the Indian National Congress-at Gandhis encouragement. Patel now energetically fought against veth-the forced servitude of Indians to Europeans-and organised relief efforts in wake of plague and famine in Kheda. The Kheda peasants plea for exemption from taxation had been turned down by British authorities. Gandhi endorsed waging a struggle there, but could not lead it himself due to his activities in Champaran. When Gandhi asked for a Gujarati activist to devote himself completely to the assignment, Patel volunteered, much to Gandhis personal delight. Though his decision was made on the spot, Patel later said that his desire and commitment came after intensiv e personal contemplation, as he realised he would have to abandon his career and material ambitions. Satyagraha in Gujarat Supported by Congress volunteers Narhari Parikh, Mohanlal Pandya and Abbas Tyabji, Vallabhbhai Patel began a village-to-village tour in the Kheda district, documenting grievances and asking villagers for their support for a statewide revolt by refusing the payment of taxes. Patel emphasised potential hardships with the need for complete unity and non-violence despite any provocation. He received enthusiastic responses from virtually every village. When the revolt was launched and revenue refused, the government sent police and intimidation squads to seize property, including confiscating barn animals and whole farms. Patel organised a network of volunteers to work with individual villages-helping them hide valuables and protect themselves during raids. Thousands of activists and farmers were arrested, but Patel was not. The revolt began evoking sympathy and admiration across India, including with pro-British Indian politicians. The government agreed to negotiate with Patel and decide d to suspend the payment of revenue for the year, even scaling back the rate. Patel emerged as a hero to Gujaratis and admired across India. In 1920, he was elected president of the newly formed Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee-he would serve as its president till 1945. Patel supported Gandhis Non-cooperation movement and toured the state to recruit more than 300,000 members and raise over Rs. 1.5 million in funds. Helping organise bonfires of British goods in Ahmedabad, Patel threw in all his English-style clothes. With his daughter Mani and son Dahya, he switched completely to wearing khadi. Patel also supported Gandhis controversial suspension of resistance in wake of the Chauri Chaura incident. He worked extensively in the following years in Gujarat against alcoholism,untouchability and caste discrimination, as well as for the empowerment of women. In the Congress, he was a resolute supporter of Gandhi against his Swarajist critics. Patel was elected Ahmedabads municipal president in 1922, 1924 and 1927-during his terms, Ahmedabad was extended a major supply of electricity and the school system underwent major reforms. Drainage and sanitation systems were extended over all the city. He fought for the recognition and payment of teachers employed in schools established by nationalists (out of British control) and even took on sensitive Hindu-Muslim Issues. Sardar Patel personally led relief efforts in the aftermath of the intense torrential rainfall in 1927, which had caused major floods in the city and in the Kheda district and great destruction of life and property. He established refuge centres across the district, raised volunteers, arranged for supply of food, medicines and clothing, as well as emergency funds from the government and public. When Gandhi was in prison, Sardar Patel was asked by Members of Congress to lead the satyagraha in Nagpur in 1923 against a law banning the raising of the Indian flag. He organised thousands of volunteers from all over the country in processions hoisting the flag. Patel negotiated a settlement that obtained the release of all prisoners and allowed nationalists to hoist the flag in public. Later that year, Patel and his allies uncovered evidence suggesting that the police were in league with local dacoits in the Borsad taluka even as the government prepared to levy a major tax for fighting dacoits in the area. More than 6,000 villagers assembled to hear Patel speak and supported the proposed agitation against the tax, which was deemed immoral and unnecessary. He organised hundreds of Congressmen, sent instructions and received information from across the district. Every village in the taluka resisted payment of the tax, and through cohesion, also prevented the seizure of property and lands. After a protracted struggle, the government withdrew the tax. Historians believe that one of Patels key achievements was the building of cohesion and trust amongst the different castes and communities, which were divided on socio-economic lines. In April 1928, Sardar Patel returned to the freedom struggle from his municipal duties in Ahmedabad when Bardoli suffered from a serious predicament of a famine and steep tax hike. The revenue hike was steeper than it had been in Kheda even though the famine covered a large portion of Gujarat. After cross-examining and talking to village representatives, emphasising the potential hardship and need for non-violence and cohesion, Patel initiated the struggle-complete denial of taxes. Sardar Patel organised volunteers, camps and an information network across affected areas. The revenue refusal was stronger than in Kheda and many sympathy satyagrahas were undertaken across Gujarat. Despite arrests, seizures of property and lands, the struggle intensified. The situation reached a head in August, when through sympathetic intermediaries, he negotiated a settlement repealing the tax hike, reinstating village officials who had resigned in protest and the return of seized property and lands. I t was during the struggle and after the victory in Bardoli that Patel was increasingly addressed by his colleagues and followers as Sardar. As Gandhi embarked on the Dandi Salt March, Patel was arrested in the village of Ras and tried without witnesses, with no lawyer or pressman allowed to attend. Patels arrest and Gandhis subsequent arrest caused the Salt Satyagraha to greatly intensify in Gujarat-districts across Gujarat launched an anti-tax rebellion until and unless Patel and Gandhi were released. Once released, Patel served as interim Congress president, but was re-arrested while leading a procession in Mumbai. After the signing of theGandhi-Irwin Pact, Patel was elected Congress president for its 1931 session in Karachi-here the Congress ratified the pact, committed itself to the defence of fundamental rights and human freedoms, and a vision of a secular nation, minimum wage and the abolition of untouchability and serfdom. Patel used his position as Congress president in organising the return of confiscated lands to farmers in Gujarat. Upon the failure of the Round Table Conference in London, Gandhi and Patel were arrested in January 1932 when the struggle re-opened, and imprisoned in the Yeravda Central Jail. During this term of imprisonment, Patel and Gandhi grew close to each other, and the two developed a close bond of affection, trust, and frankness. Their mutual relationship could be described as that of an elder brother (Gandhi) and his younger brother (Patel). Despite having arguments with Gandhi, Patel respected his instincts and leadership. During imprisonment, the two would discuss national and social issues, read Hindu epics and crack jokes. Gandhi also taught Patel Sanskrit language. Gandhis secretary Mahadev Desai kept detailed records of conversations between Gandhi and Patel. When Gandhi embarked on a fast-unto-death protesting the separate electorates allocated for untouchables, Patel looked after Gandhi closely and himself refrained from partaking of food. Patel was later moved to a jail in Nasik, and refused a British offer for a brief release to attend the cremation of hi s brother Vithalbhai, who had died in 1934. He was finally released in July of the same year. Patels position at the highest level in the Congress was largely connected with his role from 1934 onwards (when the Congress abandoned its boycott of elections) in the party organisation. Based at an apartment in Mumbai, he became the Congresss main fund-raiser and chairman of its Central Parliamentary Board, playing the leading role in selecting and financing candidates for the 1934 elections to the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi and also for the Provincial elections of 1936. As well as collecting funds and selecting candidates, he would also determine the Congress stance on issues and opponents. Not contesting a seat for himself, Patel nevertheless guided Congressmen elected in the provinces and at the national level. In 1935, Patel underwent surgery for haemorrhoids, yet guided efforts against plague in Bardoli and again when a drought struck Gujarat in 1939. Patel would guide the Congress ministries that had won power across India with the aim of preserving party disc ipline-Patel feared that the British would use opportunities to create conflicts among elected Congressmen, and he did not want the party to be distracted from the goal of complete independence. But Patel would clash with Nehru, opposing declarations of the adoption of socialism at the 1936 Congress session, which he believed was a diversion from the main goal of achieving independence. In 1938, Patel organised rank and file opposition to the attempts of then-Congress president Subhas Chandra Bose to move away from Gandhis principles of non-violent resistance. Patel considered Bose to want more power over the party. He led senior Congress leaders in a protest, which resulted in Boses resignation. But criticism arose from Boses supporters, socialists and other Congressmen that Patel himself was acting in an authoritarian manner in his defence of Gandhis authority. Quit India On the outbreak of World War II Patel supported Nehrus decision to withdraw the Congress from central and provincial legislatures, contrary to Gandhis advice, as well as an initiative by senior leader Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari to offer Congresss full support to Britain if it promised Indian independence at the end of the war and install a democratic government right away. Gandhi had refused to support Britain on the grounds of his moral opposition to war, while Subhas Chandra Bose was in militant opposition to the British. The British rejected Rajagopalacharis initiative, and Patel embraced Gandhis leadership again. He participated in Gandhis call for individual disobedience, and was arrested in 1940 and imprisoned for nine months. He also opposed the proposals of the Cripps mission in 1942. Patel lost more than twenty pounds during his period in jail. While Nehru, Rajagopalachari and Maulana Azad initially criticised Gandhis proposal for an all-out campaign of civil disobedience to force the British to Quit India, Patel was its most fervent supporter. Arguing that the British would retreat from India as they had from Singapore and Burma, Patel stressed that the campaign start without any delay. Though feeling that the British would not quit immediately, Patel favoured an all-out rebellion which would galvanise Indian people, who had been divided in their response to the war, In Patels view, an all-out rebellion would force the British to concede that continuation of colonial rule had no support in India, and thus speed power transfer to Indians. Believing strongly in the need for revolt, Patel stated his intention to resign from the Congress if the revolt was not approved. Gandhi strongly pressured the All India Congress Committee to approve of an all-out campaign of civil disobedience, and the AICC approved the campaign on 7 Augu st 1942. Though Patels health had suffered during his stint in jail, Patel gave emotional speeches to large crowds across India, asking people to refuse paying taxes and participate in civil disobedience, mass protests and a shutdown of all civil services. He raised funds and prepared a second-tier of command as a precaution against the arrest of national leaders. Historians believe that Patels speech was instrumental in electrifying nationalists, who had been sceptical of the proposed rebellion. Patels organising work in this period is credited by historians for ensuring the success of the rebellion across India. Patel was arrested on 9 August and was imprisoned with the entire Congress Working Committee from 1942 to 1945 at the fort in Ahmednagar. Here he spun cloth, played bridge, read a large number of books, took long walks, practised gardening. He also provided emotional support to his colleagues while awaiting news and developments of the outside. Patel was deeply pained at the news of the deaths of Mahadev Desai and Kasturba Gandhi later in the year. But Patel wrote in a letter to his daughter that he and his colleagues were experiencing fullest peace for having done their duty. Even though other political parties had opposed the struggle and the British had employed ruthless means of suppression, the Quit India movement was by far the most serious rebellion since that of 1857, as the viceroy cabled to Winston Churchill. More than one hundred thousand people were arrested and thousands killed in police firings. Strikes, protests and other revolutionary activities had broken out across India. When Patel was released on 15 June 1945 he realised that the British were preparing proposals to transfer power to Indian hands. Death On 29 March 1949, authorities lost radio contact with a plane carrying Patel, his daughter Maniben and the Maharaja of Patiala. Engine failure caused the pilot to make an emergency landing in a desert area in Rajasthan. With all passengers safe, Patel and others tracked down a nearby village and local officials. When Patel returned to Delhi, thousands of Congressmen gave him a resounding welcome. In Parliament, MPs gave a long, standing ovation to Patel, stopping proceedings for half an hour. In his twilight years, Patel was honoured by members of Parliament and awarded honorary doctorates of law by the Punjab University and Osmania University. Patels health declined rapidly through the summer of 1950. He later began coughing blood, whereupon Maniben began limiting his meetings and working hours and arranged for a personalised medical staff to begin attending to Patel. The Chief Minister of West Bengal and doctor Bidhan Roy heard Patel make jokes about his impending end, and in a private meeting Patel frankly admitted to his ministerial colleague N. V. Gadgil that he was not going to live much longer. Patels health worsened after 2 November, when he began losing consciousness frequently and was confined to his bed. He was flown to Mumbai on 12 December on advice from Dr Roy, to recuperate as his condition deemed critical. Nehru, Rajagopalchari, Rajendra Prasad and Menon all came to see him off at the airport in Delhi. Patel was extremely weak and had to be carried onto the aircraft in a chair. In Bombay, large crowds gathered at Santacruz Airport to greet him, to spare him from this stress, the aircraft landed at Juhu Aerod rome, where Chief Minister B.G. Kher and Morarji Desai were present to receive him with a car belonging to the Governor of Bombay, that took Vallabhbhai to Birla House. After suffering a massive heart attack (his second), he died on 15 December 1950 at Birla House in Bombay. In an unprecedented and unrepeated gesture, on the day after his death more than 1,500 officers of Indias civil and police services congregated to mourn at Patels residence in Delhi and pledged complete loyalty and unremitting zeal in Indias service. His cremation was planned at Girgaum Chowpatty, however this was changed to Sonapur when his daughter conveyed that it was his wish to be cremated like a common man in the same place as his wife and brother were earlier cremated. His cremation in Sonapur in Bombay, was attended by a one million strong crowd including Prime Minister Nehru, Rajagopalachari, President Prasad.

Essay --

Odonata The damselfly species is part of an insect group called Odonata. Odonata consists of dragonflies, which are the suborder Anisoptera, and damselflies, which are the suborder Zygoptera. The insect group Odonata is very small, probably containing only about 5,000 living species (Corbet, 1999). Odonata, typically called Odonates, are usually found close to bodies of water, looking for small insects to eat. Adult Odonates catch their prey while in flight, while younger Odonates, called nymphs, hunt for their prey at the bottom of the body of water they live in. Nymphs eat almost any insect small enough for them to digest (book on iCloud). Nymphs Nymphs live in water throughout their entire developmental stage, which can take anywhere from three weeks to more than eight years, depending on the species of the nymph and it’s location and habitat. They undergo eight to seventeen molts (Corbet, 1999), although the amount of molts undergone depends on the species. When a nymph’s developmental stage is complete, it climbs out of it’s previous home in the water, a final molt is undergone, and an adult damselfly appears (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010). Nymphs have a set of gills along their abdomen, which are used for breathing as well as a transportation device and a way of escaping from predators in an emergency. Water is ushered into the gills, and then forcefully emitted, propelling themselves forward and farther away from their enemies (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010). Nymphs, despite their excellent predatorily abilities, are usually hunted by fish, although occasionally they are also hunted by birds, crayfish, frogs, and each other. When their development is complete and they are finally an adult dams... .... Transferring sperm depends on the species of damselfly because the sex organs are particularly elaborate and specific to the each species. Organs in the male damselflies that allow the end of its’ abdomen to attach to the back of the females’ head correspond between each individual species, making mating between separate species nearly impossible. Some species of damselflies lay their eggs either inside or on plant tissue, which is either above or in water. Some females climb beneath the surface of the water to position their eggs and remain there for an hour, or perhaps more. Some species submerge their abdomen in the water, so the eggs wash off, or put them on leaves close to the water’s edge. This is sometimes done while the damselfly is in flight. Other species simply allow their eggs to drop onto the surface of the water while they are flying (Corbet, 1999).

Charles’ Law and Absolute Zero

Date of experiment: November 4, 2010 Date submitted: November 11, 2010 Introduction: As per Charles’ Law, there is a linear relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas. Charles discovered that -273Â °C is the point at which a gas has no volume. Since that's as cold as he thought things could ever get, that originated the idea of absolute zero. In this experiment, Charles’ Law was applied and made into data to determine an experimental value for Absolute Zero. To do so, a fixed amount of gas was confined in a small, uniform sample tube.The temperature of the gas was changed, by being placed in water. The expected result is that as the temperature of the gas gets cooler (decreases), the volume of gas will decrease. Procedure: A 400mL beaker was filled with tap water and place on a hot plate until the thermometer read 55Â °C. Then a sample tube filled with two mercury plugs was obtained from the instructor. With a ruler, the distance between the two mercury plugs was recorded. Using small rubber bands, the sample tube was strapped to the ruler, which was then attached to the bottom of thermometer.A cork was attached onto the top of the thermometer, and then clamped in the beaker of pre-heated water. The initial temperature and distance between each plug in the pre-heated water were then recorded. Ice was added and stirred every so often to cool the temperature of the water. When the beaker was going to overflow, small amounts of the water were removed by a pipet. The temperature and distance between each plug were then recorded every two minutes. Eight sets of temperatures were recorded when the goal temperature of 0. Â °C was achieved. Data: 1) Temperature and Distance Between Mercury Plugs Every 2mins Time (minutes)| Temperature of water (Â °C)| Distance between plugs (mm)| 0 (Plugs out of water)| 49. 8| 60. 2 (in room temp)| 2 (Plugs in water)| 46. 3| 63. 8| 4| 42. 2| 63. 3| 6| 39. 3| 62. 2| 8| 24. 9| 60. 0| 10| 19. 1| 58. 6| 12| 7. 8| 56. 6| 14| 1. 9| 55. 1| 16| 0. 1| 54. 4| 18| 0. 1| 54. 4| Calculations: 1) Line of best fit: y=0. 1981x+54. 752 Slope (m): 0. 198 mm/C Y-Intercept (b): 54. 8 mm 2) Absolute zero (V=0): -276. 8Â °C 3) % Error:Excepted value: -273Â °C Discussion: My results show that as the temperature of the water decreased, the distance between the two mercury plugs decreased. This supports Charles’ Law which states . When creating my graph, I did not include the first initial temperature and length recordings. The plot was not anywhere near the others, and would have thrown off the slope. My value for absolute zero was fairly close to the excepted -273Â °C. There was a small difference of 3. 8Â °C between the two values, with a percent error or 1. 4%.My results were expected because I was obviously not going to get the perfect -273Â °C absolute zero value, due to experimental error. Sources of experimental error that could occur are if the initial temperature of the water was over 55Â °C and if the mercury plugs were not fully submerged in the water. If the water was over 55Â °C, then the ruler would have deformed from melting. This would make the ruler’s readings unreliable. If the mercury plugs were not fully submerged in the water then they would not get the full effect of temperature change.

Dickens & the French Revolutio essays

Dickens & the French Revolutio essays A Tale of Two Cities and the French Revolution Dickens, in A Tale of Two Cities, portrayed the French Revolution unfairly, and not entirely completely. I dont think that Dickens goal in writing A Tale of Two Cities was to portray the stability of England as a nation, but that was the main message I derived from the film. Also, some of the causes of the revolution seemed to fade into the background, leaving an incomplete picture of the French peoples suffering. Dickens does not do justice to the Revolution, as he portrays it as mostly meaningless violence and bitter revenge. In reality, the Revolution started a chain of events that would change France for the better. Though it may have taken some years for this to be fully realized, when Dickens wrote the novel, he should have known that the revolutions ends somehow justified the means. In my view, Dickens made it look as though no matter what the ends, the means could not be justified. The Terror was a very violent period, and it is true that a lot of the violence could have been completely avoided. I think that Dickens trivializes the struggle that the Third Estate went through before they ever resorted to violence. England, in comparison, is portrayed as the stable nation, a place where all are welcome, and none are judged. This was as true for England at that time as it was for France. I think that this fact unfairly biases the viewer, or reader, of A Tale of Two Cities. England had problems of its own at the time, but Dickens chose to gloss over that part of the story. In Dickens present, England was at a tender time. Some feared that revolution was coming, and Dickens only weapon against that was his fiction. In order to make the English realize that revolution was unnecessary, the French were made out to be savages and brutes. Their violence was made to look excessive and meaningless. By comparison, the British in A Tale were far mo ...

Positive Psychology Themes Essay Example

Positive Psychology Themes Essay Example Positive Psychology Themes Essay Positive Psychology Themes Essay First attachments are first on the list of central themes and strategies of positive psychology. First attachments include nature, which is the inherent tendency to bond and then nuture, which is responsiveness to our caregivers. Three components contribute to attachment. These three components are closeness, caring and commitment. For both infants and adults close physical contact nourishes an emotional bond keeping a safe place with comfort and emotional support. Overtime this safe place becomes a grounding for security, giving constant consistent support making it easier to face everyday situations and challenges. These theories also help to promote the central themes and strategies of positive psychology. The Triangular Love Theory ( Robert Sternberg, 1988) features love organized in 3 categories. These categories are passion, intimacy, and commitment. These are the 3 major components of love. Passion reflects attraction, romance and sexual desire. Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, trust and innermost thoughts. Commitment is the decision to maintain a long term caring relationship. Sternbergs Triangular Love Theory scale provides insight into the nature of relationships. Hatfields 2 Factor Theory is another that interprets physiological arousal that happens in a romantic situation such as passion. The Model Michelangelo says our close relationships powerfully shape our well-being. Another theory is the minding theory. The minding theory states that certain types of perceptions and expectations are key to satisfying close relationships. Both people or partners must be committed to pursuing knowledge, acceptance and positive attributions for the relationship to survive. Both partners must continue to find out about one another, respect each others individuality and engage in positive attributions.

Business Proposal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Proposal - Coursework Example For this reason, there is always the need for a business to derive strategies by which it can rely on to adapt to the external environment. The factors in the external business environment play a big role in determining the operations of the internal functions. This is because; the business is expected to keep continually realigning its internal operations in order to remain relevant and effective. The external business environment is very dynamic; every day, new economic conditions always arise, legislations, competition strategies among other factors. This paper discusses the economic factors that affect the business in various ways; it focus on mobile phones, as the product that is traded most in many places for economic and social reasons. In addition, it examines the pricing approaches that are used in an imperfect market structure and the factors guiding the pricing in relation to demand patterns The economic factors in the business external business are hard to predict, for instance, the global recession has affected many businesses, making them look for various cost-saving and waste reduction approaches. While some businesses focus on ways to reduce their expenses and increase their, efficiencies, there are those that resolve to outsource functions in order to cut down on their costs. Businesses that effectively manage their external environment effectively end up becoming market leaders, with increased rates of turnover and profitability. There are different types of market structures that exist in an economy, these structures are determined by the types of products being sold, the number of buyers and sellers and their knowledge of the market among other factors. Monopolistic market structures are those characterized by a high competition between many large firms and individuals (Maurya 2008). This market structure is almost similar to a perfect competition only that here; there

Mood disorder part #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mood disorder part #2 - Essay Example An abused child may alternate between periods of irritability and periods of worthlessness and helplessness. What is interesting is that during these phases emotional upheaval those who come in contact with her may be unaware of her dilemma and accuse her of unsociability, violence and as having total disrespect for members of her society. Fundamental signals of depression in children may be a sudden change in academic performance as well as an apparent change in personality. A specific illustration of such a change would be that an energetic and intelligent child may suddenly become lethargic and appear to be disinterested in school work and other activities that formerly brought pleasure. Such a child may in fact begin to disrespect teachers and other classmates but this child would never dare to disrespect the abuser. Foul language, inappropriate behavior such as promiscuity, fighting and stealing may be the order of the day for such a child. It is usually at this juncture that a teacher may become concerned and request the assistance of guidance officers and social workers. Not only are emotional and behavioral signs present in the depressed child but also a mounting number of physical complaints. The child may begin to complain of headaches and stomachaches. This child may even experience difficulty in sleeping patterns. Further, there may be an abrupt increase or a decrease in appetite. Eventually one major incident between an authority figure and the child may lead to the child having and voicing desires of committing suicide. This desire to commit suicide may be expressed quietly to a trusted authority figure or shouted loudly as a threat to another individual in authority. On the other extreme this child may also voice the desire to fatally harm another individual. Clearly, the depressed child would manifest differently to adults who may still have the ability to hide their true feelings at times. The child suffering from depression due