Friday, January 24, 2020

Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith Essay -- essays research p

Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are two of the character is in the book Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf. Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are unhappy with their lives. Although, Clarissa and Septimus are both unhappy the basis for their unhappiness stems from different reasons and/or events that have happened in their lives. But the both fear the can not feel as others feel. Clarissa Dalloway, a middle aged upper class woman, is unhappy because of choices she has made in her life she also fears that she can not feel things as others do. Septimus Smith, a World War I veteran, is unhappy because of effects of the war. Septimus worries that when Evan’s died he did not feel anything. Clarissa Dalloway wanted to be a part of the upper class English society. That is the reason she married Richard Dalloway. Throughout the novel Clarissa looks back on her experiences with Peter Walsh. She wonders if she made the correct choice in marrying Richard and rejecting Peter. Clarissa point out in †¦. That one of the reason she didn’t marry Peter is because he would ask her to feel too much. Richard does not ask her to feel things as Peter would. Clarissa didn’t love Richard when she married him but has learned to love him. Although she believes she made the right decision in marrying Richard, she still wonders how things would have been if she married Peter instead. Clarissa has a low self-confidence in her appearance ...

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Queuing Up

Long Queuing Time Pepper lunch restaurant is famous for providing hot, fast and delicious food to customers. It attracts many people to visit, no matter in peak hours or off peak hours. However Pepper Lunch Restaurant have a poor queuing for customers to buy their wanted dishes. According a servey, a customers said that when he buying a meal, he counted from queuing to get a meal on the get dishes area, it takes around 45minutes in peak hour while it takes at least 15 minutes in off peak hours.Customers have to spend much time when they visit Pepper Lunch Restaurant. The picture at the right hand side showed Pepper lunch restaurant had made a notice for customers which listed about the queuing time is around 20 minutes and apologize for that non-convenience issue. Therefore, the following part is focus on this problem and also suggests some improvements for long queuing time. There are several reasons in causing this problem. One of the reasons is the pepper lunch restaurant in Festi val Walk lack a smart, fast and effective payment system.Only cash is accepted. Octopus card is not accepted as a payment method in the payment system. As all known, nowadays Octopus card is a well-known and very convenience payment method for people to use in buying things and pay transportation fare. Apart from the payment method, Pepper Lunch Restaurant only has one cashier for people to buy their meal. In peak hours, there are at least 20 people in the queue. In off peak hours, there are still 10 people in the queue.A survey interviewed 10 customers who standing outside the Pepper Lunch restaurant, asking whether they would give up if they saw a long queue outside the restaurant. Not surprisingly, 5 people said yes and they would choose other restaurant. The result showed that long queuing time is a serious problem to pepper lunch restaurant. Base on the above problems, we suggest the following improvements. Pepper Lunch Restaurant should install the Octopus card payment system for people to purchase the meal.The Octopus card payment system is a convenience system for payment. It is already widely used in buying food in some specific store or restaurant which installed the Octopus card payment system. Therefore, pepper lunch restaurant should install the Octopus card payment system for people to purchase the meal in order to reduce the time during the payment process and also to save time for change. Apart from installing the Octopus card payment system in the cashier counter, pepper lunch restaurant can set an auto-machine near the cashier counter.This auto-machine is quite like the auto-machine used in cinema. People can order their food by using this auto-machine with their octopus card. It will save much time in queuing. Although setting one more cashier counter, a self-purchase machine and the Octopus card payment system might slightly increase the cost, it can highly reduce the queuing time and attract more people to visit the restaurant. It definite ly would be the best long-term plan for its business and helps to increase profits.Beside, pepper lunch restaurant should set one more cashier in the counter to shorter the waiting time for buying meal. If there are two cashiers in the counter, one cashier could be used for cash while the other could be used for octopus. It would be a great payment system and could shorter the queuing time effectively. The below picture is the orginal layout design of Pepper Lunch Restaurant in Festival Walk The fowlloing picture is our suggested layout design for Pepper Lunch Restaurant.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Essay on America During the 1920s - 2694 Words

America During the 1920s In the first three decades of the 20th century, America became the richest and most powerful country in the world. Its population, wealth and industry were growing fast. It had plenty of natural resources (oil, coal, iron ore etc.) The average American worker earned 5 xs more than in Europe. Many Americans owned their own cars. America was so rich it could lend money to Europe. At the end of World War I, America turned its back on Europe. It didn’t join the League of Nations in 1922. Also in 1922 the McCumber tariff was introduced, this put heavy taxes on cheap foreign imports. This made goods from other countries look very expensive to buy in America, so Americans†¦show more content†¦By this time all the states of the old south had bought in â€Å"Jim Crow Laws† These laws said that blacks should be â€Å"separate but equal†. Blacks were separate from whites in every public place. During the war thousands of blacks moved to northern cities to do the newly created jobs. They usually ended up doing the worst jobs so most white people didn’t really mind. However the movement to the cities led to housing shortages. This led to big riots between blacks and whites. In 1924 the Klan claimed it had a membership of nearly 5 million. The Klan attracted whites of low intelligence and those looking for excitement. However, som e local and national politicians were members. The Klan wore white to show purity. their costumes were baggy and lose so you could not tell the build of the person. They wore hoods that covered their whole faces so you could not see what they looked like and they had high points on so you could not tell the height of the person. The Klan roared for its members because they rarely got caught for their acts because no one knew who was a member and you could not tell who it was because of their costumes. The Ku Klux Klan didn’t roar for Catholics, Jews, blacks and foreigners in the south because they had to live their lives in fear of the Klan also they could not trust anyone because they did not know who were membersShow MoreRelatedAmerica during the 1920s505 Words   |  2 PagesThe 1920s was a huge time period for the United States. Modern technology such as automobiles, radios, and advertisement had taken America by storm. Rural areas were on the decline. American citie s had attracted not only rural and urban citizens, but also people from all over the world. In America during the 1920s, citizens struggled with accepting other races and ethnicities into their widely populated country. At the beginning of the century, Americans were disappointed with the outcome ofRead MoreRacial Discrimination in America During the 1920s2416 Words   |  10 PagesThe motto of the United States of America is E Pluribus Unum meaning ‘Out of one, many. It neatly recognises that although America may be a single nation, it is also one originally made up of immigrants who arrived not only from Europe and Asia, but forcibly as slaves from Africa and of Native Americans. Its population is the most racially and culturally diverse in the world and for that reason is often referred to as a Melting Pot. br brDuring the 1920s, racial tensions in American societyRead MoreAdvancements During The Roaring Twenties Essay527 Words   |  3 Pageshappiness. The 1920’s are often referred to as the â€Å"roaring twenties,† but many histories purpose that this is not a correct interpretation of this time period. America may have not been good for the some of the lower class in this time period, but the 1920’s were fantastic for most of the middle and upper class living in urban cities. The advantages of this time period did outweigh the bad, which is why the 1920’s are called the â€Å"roaring twenties.† Women’s roles changed during this time periodRead MoreEssay on Life Changes of Americans in the 1920s568 Words   |  3 PagesLife Changes of Americans in the 1920s In the 1920s many American lives were improved greatly, but some lives were as bad as they had been before. The economy was booming, with cars being mass produced, and many other consumer goods such as radios, were widely available. Also more jobs became available, and many people recieved a par rise. However there were bad things such as racism about. Many ethnic minority groups were treated poorly. The most racist group aroundRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerlad832 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone in America has their own American Dream. These dreams may vary from having a family or becoming a rich business person. The American dream was strongest in our country during the start of the 1920s. America was just beginning to triumph over poverty. People were becoming more successful as a country. Carrie Latet once said, May I never wake up from the American dream. Along with Carrie, this was the wish of the vast majority of America. In 1929, the Great Depression hit and many AmericansRead MoreAmerica in the 1920s Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica in the 1920s The 1920’s was a period of great change in America. It was a decade which saw the development of mass production, cinema, jazz and the introduction of prohibition. Indeed, the 1920’s have often been described as ‘’the roaring 20’s’’ a time when life was good for all Americans. Qu. To what extent did America ‘’roar’’ for all Americans in the 1920’s? America enjoyed a period of great prosperity in the 1920s, people often called it ‘theRead MoreAmericas Political and Social Attitudes During the 1920s Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesAmericas Political and Social Attitudes During the 1920s America is the most powerful country in the world and prides itself in being a melting pot of different cultures but has that always been true of America. I would like to argue that during the 1920s America became less tolerant of anything Un-American. I would like to mention immigration policy, the Ku Klux Klan, political hysteria and Religious intolerance. Before 1917 America had an open door policy towardRead MoreThe Role Of Fashion During The 1920 S974 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1920’s was a time of great change.   (Some changes that happened during 1920s were the nation s wealth doubled, more americans lived in the cities, advancements in technology, and women being able to vote.) One big change that occurred during the 1920’s social shift was the fashion industry. Fashion is something that reflects the beliefs and social standards of that time. This industry, along with others, had an immense boom during the 1920s. The evolution of fashion during this decade is describedRead MoreThe United States Of America Hit An All Time Low During The Roaring 20 s With The Presence Of954 Words   |  4 PagesCinevert 1 Outline The United States Of America hit an all-time low during the Roaring 20’s with the presence of prohibition and organized crime. I. The Jazz Age Jazz Music Dance Appliances II. The New Women KKK Flappers 19th Amendment III. Mass Culture More Spending Money .First Radio Affordable Consumer Product ( Automobile) Read MoreThe Great Depression1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920’s was a decade of discovery for America. As mentioned in â€Å"who was roaring in the twenties? —Origins of the great depression,† by Robert S. McElvaine America suffered with the great depression due to several factors but it managed to stay prosperous at the end. In â€Å"America society and culture in the 1920’s,† by David A. Shannon there was much more to the great depression. It was a time of prosperity an economic change. Women and men were discovering who they were and their value to society

Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Self Interest versus Love in The Merchant of Venice Essay

Self Interest versus Love in The Merchant of Venice While there are many fundamental themes in The Merchant of Venice, only one seems to drive the play to its inevitable conclusion. There is a constant theme of self interest versus love. On the surface, this seems to be the dividing factor between the Christians and the Jew, as Shylock is supposed to only care about money, profits, and such, while the rest of the cast value human relationships more. Men such as Antonio and Bassiano lend money without interest or even thought at times, and end up taking far more risks for those they care about. â€Å"He lends out money gratis, and brings down | The rate of usance here with us in Venice.†(1.3.45) Shylock complains to the†¦show more content†¦He doesn’t miss the value of the ring but it’s sentimental value, vowing â€Å"I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys.† (3.1.100) Too, his stubbornness in only accepting a pound of flesh in payment of Antonio’s debt, even when offered â€Å"thrice thy money†, shows that not everything can be measured in ducats to him. His supposed Christian betters are not any more consistant. Bassiano first seeks to marry Portia, not for love or her beauty, but because her money will get him out of his huge debts. He asks Antonio to lend him money as an investment, though Antonio insists that the money is lent out of love, not business. He even has to go into debt, something he never does, to supply the ducats. Thou knowst that all my fortunes are at sea; Neither have I money nor commodity To raise a present sum; therefore go forth, Try what my credit can in Venice do; That shall be rackd, even to the uttermost, To furnish thee to Belmont to fair Portia. Go presently inquire, and so will I, Where money is; and I no question make To have it of my trust or for my sake. (1.1.230) Near the end of the play, after both men have been married, they are so careless as to give away one wedding ring and allow the other to be stolen. Though they unwittingly â€Å"give† them to their wives, this illustrates their self intrestShow MoreRelatedThe Merchant of Venice: Self-Interest versus Love Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there are many fundamental themes in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, only one seems to drive the play to its inevitable conclusion. There is a constant theme of self-interest versus love. On the surface, this seems to be the dividing factors between the Christians and the Jew. Shylock is portrayed to only care about money and profits, while the Christians are shown as people who value human relationships more. Examples of this theme are shown through Shylock’s behaviour, the manyRead MoreThe Principal Conflict Of Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare2081 Words   |  9 Pages The principal conflict of The Merc hant of Venice by William Shakespeare is man versus man between the title character Antonio the merchant and the Jewish moneylender Shylock. Shylock despises Antonio for his cruel treatment toward him and Antonio dislikes Shylock because he is a Jew (49). This causes greater conflict later on when Shylock demands repayment from Antonio in the form of his flesh. The Duke must decide between doing what is morally right or doing what is required by law. Shylock facesRead More Appearance vs. Reality in The Merchant of Venice Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance vs. Reality in The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice explores the theme of Appearance versus Reality. The theme is supported with many examples in the form of characters, events and objects. During the discussion of the bond, Shylock says to Antonio â€Å" I would be friends with you and have your love† and â€Å"this kindness will I show†. He pretends to be Antonio’s friend, but he has an ulterior motive, which is to take a pound of Antonio’s flesh from whatever part of his bodyRead MoreReligion in The Merchant of Venice Essay1956 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare’s plays. Religion motivated action and reasoning. In Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Merchant of Venice,† religion was more than a belief in a higher being; it reflected moral standards and ways of living. In the â€Å"Merchant of Venice,† â€Å"a Christian ethic of generosity, love, and risk-taking friendship is set in pointed contrast with a non-Christian ethic that is seen, from a Christian point of view, as grudging, resentful, and self-calculating.† (Bevington, pg. 74) Although Shakespeare writes this drama fromRead MoreEssay about The Merchant of Ve nice2939 Words   |  12 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is one of his most controversial plays for a variety of reasons. Written in sixteenth-century England, where anti-Semitism was common and the presence of Jews was not, the play poses many questions concerning racial, religious and human difference. The play is especially tricky to examine in today’s society, as its anti-Semitic themes and language can be uncomfortable to face in a world post-Holocaust. Additionally, the depiction of the relationship betweenRead MoreImpact of Emerging Markets on Marketing15122 Words   |  61 Pagesfaithbased sociopolitical institutions in which public policy matters. They also suffer from inadequate infrastructure and chronic shortage of resources. Most of the competition comes from unbranded products or services, and consumption is more of a make versus buy decision and less about what brand to buy. Therefore, many beliefs that are fundamental to marketing, such as market segmentation, market orientation, and brand equity, are at odds with the realities of emerging markets. At the same time, theRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesprovide hands-on experience. A new dimension of the eighth edition of International Management is the all-new chapter-opening discussions called â€Å"The World of International Management† (WIM) based on very recent, relevant news stories to grab readers’ interest and attention. These timely opening discussions transition the reader into the chapter topic. At the end of each chapter, there is a pedagogical feature that recapitulates the chapter’s subject matter: â€Å"The World of International Management—RevisitedRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesthe customer won’t actually use? How and where will the customer use it? What does it look like? How will customers experience it? What size(s), color(s), and so on, should it b e? What is it to be called? How is it branded? How is it differentiated versus your competitors? What is the most it can cost to provide, and still be sold sufficiently profitably? (See also Price, below). Place †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Where do buyers look for your product or service? If they look in a store, what kind? A specialist

Sunday, December 22, 2019

A Research Proposal On Organic Vegetable Industry

The organic vegetable industry is expanding, with more demand for natural fruits and vegetables and increasing awareness of potential issues with conventionally grown vegetables. Organic vegetables are grown without the use of pesticides or chemicals. The industry has seen an upswing in demand in recent years and reaching a more mainstream market, although the supply of organic vegetables have not expanded into supermarkets and are mostly still sold through particular outlets, which makes availability limited. This research proposal aims to investigate the obstacles and challenges that the organic vegetable industry is currently facing, in terms of being sold in outlets such as larger supermarkets, namely Woolworths. The purpose of this report is to examine the underlying causes of the issues and provide information on the potential factors that will influence the decisions. The report will consist of a brief background of the problem and problems definition, in order to attain a cle ar overview of the issues faced. The purpose of this research proposal is to provide a research model for identifying and evaluating the potential increase of organic vegetables in larger supermarkets. This research proposal has been divided into the following sections: †¢ Background to research problem. It shows the significance and underlying issues that the research will be based on. †¢ Problems definition. It outlines the identified management problem, the research problem and the researchShow MoreRelatedA Study Proposal On Waste Products1140 Words   |  5 PagesStudy Proposal Title Waste products like plastic bottles, beer bottles and food waste being turned into wearable commodities and introducing new technologies in Indian markets for crafting innovative silhouettes for further environmental accountability. ABSTRACT Currently, we are witnessing the birth of a new business paradigm. A paradigm fuelled by technology that is forcing the balance of power in innovation to shift from the few and big towards the many true drivers of change. Due to high usageRead MoreDayless Ford Farm1415 Words   |  6 PagesDaylessford Organic Farm Name: Nikita Patel Course: Marketing Management DSI # 01433731 Email:niks_pat87@yahoo.com Assignment: Week # 3 Create The Value. Professor: Dena Hale 1.Brief Description of the Daylesford Organic Farm Concept Daylesford Organic Farm have been serving since 30 years. It has won over 60 national and international awards. Their passion is to serve Real food straight from farm to the fork. All the vegetables come straight from garden market, bread from their bakeryRead MoreFood Waste1546 Words   |  7 Pagesof production, processing, retailing and consumption. Production losses are greatest for fresh fruits and vegetables. Throughout the production stage, food loss occurs when food in never harvested or when food is lost between harvest and sale. Selling ‘ugly’ fruits and vegetables in grocery stores can help reduce food waste and challenge cosmetic standards of produce in the food retail industry. Cosmetic imperfections are a significant cause of food loss both during and after harvest. Large quantitiesRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay1844 Words   |  8 Pagesunderweight by about 7 to 1. In its proposal, New York argued that sugar-sweetened beverage consumption causes obesity and diabetes and that government cannot afford to subsidize disease-promoting behaviors.† The New York City Mayor claimed that the proposal would have helped people by protecting them from preventable illnesses and that it had little or no cost to taxpayers. Not surprisingly, strong opposition towards the New York proposal came from the beverage industry since billions of dollars wouldRead MoreFormal Report For Feeding The Future2173 Words   |  9 PagesMemo To: Ms. Newsome From: Joselyn Velasquez Subject: Formal Report for Feeding the future Date: April 28, 2015 I have decided to do a proposal on informing society about the different aspects of agriculture. Through this program, I hope to help our community better understand where their food comes from and the process used to get food to their kitchen table. I also hope to help cut down the food waste and inspire them to feed the hungry. I decided on this subject because agriculture has aRead MoreVegetable Waste Disposal and Management in Cebu City Public Markets5099 Words   |  21 PagesVEGETABLE WASTE DISPOSAL AND MANAGEMENT IN CEBU CITY PUBLIC MARKETS A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the School of Business and Economics University of San Carlos Cebu City, Philippines In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course Business Research BA109N By BOCO, MELISSA ANNE DELA TORRE, NYMPHA ROSE OZARAGA, MA.REBECCA QUIJADA, MA.GABRIELLEN SAN PEDRO, MA.LOURDES January 21, 2013 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Rationale Organic vegetables and fruits are considered importantRead MoreBusiness Proposal: Earthly Delights3246 Words   |  13 Pages Business Proposal: Earthly Delights, Inc. Abstract The Boston area is a center of the arts and fashion. Many come to Boston to sample its unique flavor and culture. Boston has many different types of restaurant atmospheres and venue concepts. The Boston area draws business from the local community and from the tourist industry. This project proposal outlines plans to conduct market research on the feasibility of opening a new restaurant concept based on the organic and natural foods industryRead MoreThe Genetic Modification Of Food1654 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to eating GMOs, vegans take the choice to steer away from any such some problems that can occur. When they are buy fruits and vegetables, they make sure to consume them from sources such as â€Å"Europe, Australia and New Zealand† where GMO foods are limited not so much from the States â€Å"unless it is organic and certified by the USDA†. (EttINGER, 2012) By choosing organic certified food, vegans â€Å"put their faith is in those certification bodies†. Opposed the vegans’ idea. In the future, GMOs couldRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe American family has come a long way from the what we use to know as the T.V. dinner of the 1950s prepared in the stove comprised of portions of meat, vegetables and dessert in the divided foil tray. Multinational and national corporations must think of innovative concept to drive current and new customers to its particular microwavable frozen meals products. The microwavable frozen meals e.g. Healthy Choice, Lean Cuisine, Michelina s, etc. are occasionally healthier and/ or at times a betterRead MoreConsumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions in Relation to Organic Foods4927 Words   |  20 PagesResearch Proposal Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions in Relation to Organic Foods in Peninsula Malaysia Abstract The aim of this study is to find out the three (3) significant variables forming the positive attitude towards the buying the organic food in Peninsula Malaysia, which eventually lead to the ultimate intention in buying the organically-produced food. The different variables are focused on demographic characteristics on household income, product attributes and lastly the

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Why should manager want it in their workforce Free Essays

The concept of organisational commitment (OC) is not easy to describe. By studying the literature on OC it becomes apparent that there is little consensus as to the meaning of the term. As the area has grown and developed, researchers from various disciplines have ascribed their own meaning to the topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Why should manager want it in their workforce or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is one of the reasons why defining OC is difficult. One definition is â€Å"Giving all of yourself while at work† (Martin and Nicolls). This definition is not very specific nor is it precise. A second definition says that work commitment come into being â€Å"When a person, by making a side-bet, links extraneous interests with a consistent line of activity.† (Becker, 1960) This definition focuses mainly on activities and behaviour in OC. A third definition explains OC as â€Å"an attitude or an orientation towards the organisation which links or attaches the identity of the person to the organisation.† (Sheldon, 1971) The two last definitions differ from each other in their understanding of OC. The second focuses mainly on behaviour while the third is more based on attitude and identification. A good definition should cover the attitudinal-behavioural dichotomy and one definition that does that is Richard T Mowday et al’s (1982) definition: This definition represents something more than the previous because it says that OC goes beyond mere passive loyalty to an organisation. It sees commitment to an organisation as an active relationship with the organisation such that individuals are willing to give something of themselves in order to contribute to the organisation’s well being. Mowday’s definition can be characterised by at least three factors:  · A strong belief in and acceptance of the organisation’s goals and values  · A willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organisation and  · A strong desire to maintain membership in the organisation Mowday’s definition also has some weaknesses. Firstly it is important to notice that this definition does not prelude the possibility that individuals will also be committed to other aspects of their environment. It simply asserts that regardless of these other possible commitments the organisationally committed individual will tend to exhibit the three characteristics identified. Secondly, the definition doesn’t clarify the terms ‘identification with’ and ‘involvement in’. It can be discussed whether this is a good definition since the terms may be understood as ambiguous. Although this is not an ideal definition of OC, it is a definition that gives a good understanding and explanation of what OC is. Furthermore, Staw (77) differentiates between 2 different types of OC. Attitudinal commitment: Refers to commitment rooted in an employee’s identification with the particular value system upheld by the co, and a desire to continue working there. Behavioural commitment on the other hand, comes about through a consistent pattern of action by an employee over a period of time, and the way in which s/he tends to become bound by this behaviour and hence reluctant to change. The point made here is that attitudinal commitment should lead to behavioural commitment and behavioural to attitudinal. Understanding this, we will examine in part 3 possible ways managers in which look to initially generate OC. There are several possible reasons why managers should want work commitment in their workforce. Drennan suggest that most managers believe that with real commitment from staff the performance of their business could improve dramatically. Beside an increased performance the work will also be a better place to work. The empirical studies carried out on the topic of OC represent a rich collection of findings with respect to both the antecedents and the consequences of the construct. Here is a short explanation of five possible outcomes that has been studied. Few important correlations have emerged in studies, although the correlations are consistently in a predicted direction and often reached statistical significance. (Mowday et al., 1974; Porter, Crampon, Smith, 1976; Steers, 1977a) Therefore we should expect commitment to influence the amount of effort an employee puts forth on the job and this efforts should have some influence on actual performance. Committed employees are desirous of remaining with the organisation. Highly significant, positive correlations have been found between increased tenure and increases commitment in Mowday 1974 and Steer 1977 studies. Theory would predict that highly committed employees would be more motivated to attend so they could facilitate organisational goal attainment. Modest support can be found in several studies like F.J. Smith, 1977; Steers, 1977a, but this support is not entirely consistent (Angle Perry, 1981). When an employee’s commitments lie outside the organisation (e.g. hobby, family), less internal pressure would be exerted on the employee to attend (Morgan Herman, 1976). We could say that commitment may represent an influence on attendance motivation. In a study by Angle and Perry (1981), commitment was found to be strongly and inversely related to employee tardiness. The theory underlying the construct suggests that highly committed employees are likely to engage in behaviours consistent with their attitudes toward the organisation. Coming to work on time would certainly represent one such behaviour. The strongest or most predictable behavioural outcome of employee commitment should be reduced turnover, which are shown in five studies. (Angle Perry, 1981, Hom et al., 1979; Koch Steers, 1978; Mowday et al., 1979; Steers, 1977a) In a sixth study, a longitudinal design was used to track commitment levels over time among a sample of psychiatric technicians. (Porter et al., 1974) Again commitment was found to be significantly and inversely related to subsequent turnover. Using the model suggested by Mowday et al, we look at the development of OC in 3 stages. What should be clear here is the significance of the early part of the company’s relationship with an employee in seeking OC. Here we refer in particular to recruitment and induction practices of the firm. Employee characteristics: Choose people whose values, beliefs, etc in some way fit with those of the firm. The role of this ‘fit’ in securing attitudinal commitment is significant Employee Expectations: Make sure these correspond with the realities of the job Job Design: Increase scope leads to increased commitment. Important dimensions inc: variety, autonomy, feedback, significance, challenge. – Participation, group work, and interdependence of tasks leads to commitment thru greater involvement and also increased felt responsibility – Make work challenging: Will attract those individuals who value work and bring an attitude of achievement to the organisation. Management and structure: Integration and supportive/open management – Loosen tight supervision and give employees more discretion Reward System: Internal labour market Organisational characteristics: Co must be seen as protecting the workers’ interests while offering employment stability. Socialising employees is also important here, altho little research has been done on either its implementation of its usefulness. Increasing focus on behavioural commitment 1. Employees’ jobs more likely to inc those dimensions mentioned above in ‘Job design’ 2. Higher extrinsic awards + increased value of investments made by employee 3. Workers generally more socialised in the co Note: A major factor in influencing OC which has been ignored deliberately is that of personal experiences and histories that employees bring with them from previous jobs, etc. as this is beyond the scope of management intervention. In this essay we have mainly argued that organisational commitment is good and we have explained why manager should want it in their workforce. It is also evident that having a strong committed workforce has its advantages. One thing we have not mentioned is the disadvantages of a committed workforce. Randall (1987) used the term â€Å"blind† commitment in describing a workforce that was too committed. If you are too committed it can lead employees to accept the status quo even if the ultimately means that the company loses its ability to innovate and adapt to change. Another possible drawback to commitment can be illustrated by the example of a mediocre employee who has been at for a particular org for some time and who would struggle to get another job elsewhere. In this case, we assume s/he would be committed to his/her job so as not to risk losing it. In this way, this paper, having shown that there are many reasons why managers may wish to secure OC and how it can be achieved, has also highlighted some potential drawbacks that managers should be aware of. How to cite Why should manager want it in their workforce, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Abraham Lincoln vs John F Kennedy Essay Example For Students

Abraham Lincoln vs John F Kennedy Essay Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy:Two very different times, but two very similar menThe two most discussed assassinations out of the four within the position of the United States President are that of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. There are many similarities between the two and there are also some differences. There are many similarities associated with the assassination of Lincoln and Kennedy. They were both assassinated on the same day, and the men that were caught for the crime were born a century apart from each other and they were both killed before their trials. A difference between the two men is Lincoln was poor and worked his way to the top and Kennedy was born into a wealthy family in which his father was a large political figure.Both men had different struggles but they were similar in many ways. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 and was raised in a log cabin in Kentucky until he was seven. In 1816, he and his family moved to Indiana. Lincoln was raised in a farming family and with no ambition for education. He went to school long enough to read and write and then stopped attending school so he could work on the farm. Both natural parents raised Abraham until 1818 when his mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln died. In 1819 Abrahams father, Thomas, married a woman named Sarah Bush. By this time Lincoln was nine years old and very capable of taking care of himself and the farm. John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Massachusetts. Unlike Lincoln, John F Kennedy was raised in a fairly wealthy family. His father, Joseph P. Kennedy was the ambassador to Great Britain during the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was very well educated, and in 1940 he graduated from Harvard University with the honor of winning note with the publication of Why England Slept which wa s an expansion of his senior theses on Britains lack of preparation for World War II. Then in August of 1943, as commander of the U.S. Navy he became a war hero by rescuing several crewmen after the boat was rammed by a Japanese destroyer. Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy each began their political careers at an early age. Abraham Lincoln ran for the Illinois legislature in 1832 when he was just 23 years old but he was unsuccessful. However, two years later, he was elected to the Lower House for the first four successive terms as a Whig until 1841. Lincoln was married to Mary Todd Lincoln on November 4, 1842. In 1847 to 1949 Lincoln served as a member of the United States House of Representatives where he opposed the Mexican War. In 1854 there was a Kansas-Nebraska Act presented before Congress which would open lands previously closed to slavery to the possibility of its spread by local opinion. Lincoln strongly opposed slavery and viewed it as immoral so when the act passed in 1854 Lincoln was loosing interest in politics. In 1856 he joined the newly reformed Republican Party and two years later campaigned for the Senate against Douglas. Lincoln appeared with Douglas in seven debates. This was his first considerabl e national fame. However, he did not win the Senate seat. The democratic holdovers in the upper house elected Douglas. John F. Kennedy became involved in politics after World War II. In 1946 he was elected to the U.S. Congress, representing a district in greater Boston. He was a democrat and served three terms or six years in the House of Representatives. In 1952 Kennedy was elected to the U.S. Senate. In 1953 Kennedy had barely missed being picked as the Democratic Parties candidate for Vice President. In 1860 Lincoln was elected President and in 1960 Kennedy also was honored with the position of President of the United States. Both Lincoln and Kennedy had Vice Presidents with the last name of Johnson. Kennedy was the youngest man elected to President and the first Catholic. Both Kennedy and Lincoln were second children and they both lost their son while serving as the President. Abraham Lincolns secretaries name was Kennedy and Kennedys secretaries name was Lincoln. .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 , .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .postImageUrl , .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 , .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058:hover , .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058:visited , .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058:active { border:0!important; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058:active , .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058 .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1327924c340d2a52288752657e90058:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Interpersonal Communication in EssayFinally we come to the most interesting similarities between Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. Not only were they both assassinated while in the most honorable and prestigious position in the United States, but there are many similarities within the structure of the assassinations and those involved. First of all, Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy were both elected for the term in which they were assassinated, and that took place on Nov. 8th, 100 years apart from each other. President Lincoln was assassinated in 1863. On hundred years later in 1963 President Kennedy was also assassinated. Both presidents were shot on a Friday, in th e head from behind and both Lincoln and Kennedys wives were present at the time of the shooting. John Wiles Booth was the assassignator of Abraham Lincoln. Mr. Booth shot Lincoln in the Ford Theatre, and was found in a warehouse later that evening. The assassignator of John F. Kennedy, Lee Harvey Oswald, shot Kennedy in a Ford Lincoln Continental, from a warehouse, and was found later that day in a theatre. Lincolns assassinator was born in 1839 and Kennedys was born 100 years later in 1939. Both Booth and Oswald were known by their full names and both were murdered before their trials. There have been four presidents that have been assassinated. Along with Lincoln and Kennedy, James Garfield and William McKinley were also assassinated as presidents. Lincoln and Kennedy are the two that are the most similar and are missed and talked about the most out of the four. Both men were heroes of their time and both were greatly respected and revered by most of the nation they led. Although Lincoln was born into poor home and Kennedy was born into the political world, they were able to accomplish many great things while they were in office. They were both reelected for another term but were then killed on November 8th exactly one century later. Although these men are dead they are still greatly missed by those that loved them. Bibliography: